Minoxidil

Minoxidil is a widely used topical treatment for hair loss that works by stimulating hair follicles and prolonging the growth phase of the hair cycle. Originally developed as an oral medication for high blood pressure, minoxidil was found to promote hair growth as a side effect, leading to its formulation as a topical solution for androgenetic alopecia. It is believed to work by increasing blood flow to the scalp, delivering more oxygen and nutrients to hair follicles, which can help slow hair thinning and encourage regrowth. Available in both foam and liquid forms, minoxidil is commonly used by both men and women and is most effective when applied consistently over several months. While results vary, clinical studies have shown that minoxidil can improve hair density and slow hair loss progression, making it a key component of many hair restoration regimens.

Effectiveness

Minoxidil helps with androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness). It may take 3-6 months to see results, and continuous use is necessary to maintain hair growth. Oral minoxidil may be more effective than topical minoxidil for some.

Usage

Liquid: Apply 1 mL of liquid minoxidil twice daily (morning and night) directly to the scalp.

Foam: Apply twice daily to dry scalp (morning and night). Easier application and quick drying.

Pill: Take once daily (Off-label use as it is not yet FDA-approved).

Foam and liquid are available in 2% and 5%. More potent, typically for men. May have more side effects.

Cost

Generic (liquid/foam): $10–$25 per month.

Brand Name (Rogaine): $30–$50 per month.

Subscription Services: $15–$30 monthly, often includes consultations.

Oral Minoxidil: $28 – $66 per month. Depends on dosage, brand vs. generic, source (online vs. in-person), and whether insurance covers it.

***The cost of any medication often depends on the pharmacy, location, discounts, or insurance coverage.

Potential Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

Minoxidil in all forms can cause (Hypertrichosis) hair to grow in unintended areas.

Topical minoxidil may cause dryness, itching, or flaking of the scalp.

Oral minoxidil can cause (1) Edema: Swelling in the legs, feet, or hands due to increased water retention; (2) Hypotension: Low blood pressure resulting in dizziness, fainting, or fatigue; (3) Tachycardia: Heart palpitations from an increased heart rate or irregular heartbeat; (4) Headaches: May occur as the body adjusts to blood pressure changes.

Rare, but Serious, Side Effects:

Oral minoxidil may cause (1) Chest pain: May indicate cardiovascular stress; (2) Shortness of breath: Can be due to fluid retention affecting the lungs; (3) Weight gain: Often linked to fluid retention: (4) Swelling around the eyes and face: Due to excessive water retention.

Oral minoxidil may cause (1) Pericardial effusion: Fluid buildup around the heart; (2) Heart failure worsening: In those with preexisting heart conditions; (3) Severe hypotension: Extremely low blood pressure leading to shock.

Effectiveness

Minoxidil helps with androgenetic alopecia (male and female pattern baldness). It may take 3-6 months to see results, and continuous use is necessary to maintain hair growth. Oral minoxidil may be more effective than topical minoxidil for some.

Usage

Liquid: Apply 1 mL of liquid minoxidil twice daily (morning and night) directly to the scalp.

Foam: Apply twice daily to dry scalp (morning and night). Easier application and quick drying.

Pill: Take once daily (Off-label use as it is not yet FDA-approved).

Foam and liquid are available in 2% and 5%. More potent, typically for men. May have more side effects.

Cost

Generic (liquid/foam): $10–$25 per month.

Brand Name (Rogaine): $30–$50 per month.

Subscription Services: $15–$30 monthly, often includes consultations.

Oral Minoxidil: $28 – $66 per month. Depends on dosage, brand vs. generic, source (online vs. in-person), and whether insurance covers it.

***The cost of any medication often depends on the pharmacy, location, discounts, or insurance coverage.

Potential Side Effects

Common Side Effects:

Minoxidil in all forms can cause (Hypertrichosis) hair to grow in unintended areas.

Topical minoxidil may cause dryness, itching, or flaking of the scalp.

Oral minoxidil can cause (1) Edema: Swelling in the legs, feet, or hands due to increased water retention; (2) Hypotension: Low blood pressure resulting in dizziness, fainting, or fatigue; (3) Tachycardia: Heart palpitations from an increased heart rate or irregular heartbeat; (4) Headaches: May occur as the body adjusts to blood pressure changes.

Rare, but Serious, Side Effects:

Oral minoxidil may cause (1) Chest pain: May indicate cardiovascular stress; (2) Shortness of breath: Can be due to fluid retention affecting the lungs; (3) Weight gain: Often linked to fluid retention: (4) Swelling around the eyes and face: Due to excessive water retention.

Oral minoxidil may cause (1) Pericardial effusion: Fluid buildup around the heart; (2) Heart failure worsening: In those with preexisting heart conditions; (3) Severe hypotension: Extremely low blood pressure leading to shock.